Neurons brain8/20/2023 While recent models of vision based on the efficient coding hypothesis show that increasing the number of both excitatory and inhibitory cells improves stimulus representation, the two cannot increase simultaneously due to constraints on brain volume. Despite this structure being important for understanding the function of neural circuits, the reason for this consistency is not yet understood. In contrast, the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory neurons (E:I ratio) varies in a much smaller range, from 3:1 to 9:1 and remains roughly constant for different sensory areas within a species. The number of neurons in mammalian cortex varies by multiple orders of magnitude across different species.
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